Which endoscopic hemostasis modalities are commonly used for stigmata of recent hemorrhage?

Which endoscopic hemostasis modalities are commonly used for stigmata of recent hemorrhage?

• A. Stenting, clipping, and injection.
• B. Injection, clipping, and thermal therapy.
• C. Clipping, injection, and laser therapy.
• D. Thermal therapy only.

Answer: (C)

Endoscopic control of recent GI bleeds relies on a versatile set of tools that are often used together. Injecting a vasoconstrictive agent helps slow and tamp down ongoing bleeding, creating a window to apply definitive measures. Clipping provides immediate mechanical closure of the bleeding vessel or ulcer crater, which can be durable in many cases. Laser therapy adds focused coagulation of the bleeding source, offering another way to achieve hemostasis when clipping isn’t feasible or as an adjunct to reinforce control. This combination—clipping, injection, and laser therapy—reflects a practical, commonly used approach to stigmata of recent hemorrhage. Stenting isn’t a standard hemostasis method for acute GI bleeding, and relying on thermal therapy alone misses the benefits of the mechanical and vasoconstrictive steps that are frequently employed.

Endoscopic control of recent GI bleeds relies on a versatile set of tools that are often used together. Injecting a vasoconstrictive agent helps slow and tamp down ongoing bleeding, creating a window to apply definitive measures. Clipping provides immediate mechanical closure of the bleeding vessel or ulcer crater, which can be durable in many cases. Laser therapy adds focused coagulation of the bleeding source, offering another way to achieve hemostasis when clipping isn’t feasible or as an adjunct to reinforce control. This combination—clipping, injection, and laser therapy—reflects a practical, commonly used approach to stigmata of recent hemorrhage. Stenting isn’t a standard hemostasis method for acute GI bleeding, and relying on thermal therapy alone misses the benefits of the mechanical and vasoconstrictive steps that are frequently employed.